1. Renal anatomy and physiology Introduction Kidneys Renal irrigation Innervation and lymphatic drainage Ureters Bladder Urethra Renal physiology Uropoietic function Endocrine functions2. Hereditary nephropathies Introduction Polycystic disease Treatment Renal dysplasia Hereditary nephritis Amyloidosis Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis Tubulopathies Fanconi syndrome Cystinuria Renal glycosuria 3. Glomerular diseases Introduction Glomerulonephritis Classification Pathogenesis Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment Renal amyloidosis Introduction Pathogenesis Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment Nephrotic syndrome Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Treatment DIAGNOSIS OF GLOMERULAR DISEASE Proteinuria Physiology and classification of proteinuria Practical assessment of proteinuria Prognostic factor Kidney biopsy Pre-biopsy considerations Techniques for obtaining kidney biopsies Aftercare and complications Processing of biopsy samples Diagnostic utility of the biopsy4. Pyelonephritis Introduction Pathophysiology Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment5. Nephroureterolithiasis Introduction Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment6. Hydronephrosis Introduction Aetiology Pathogenesis Clinical presentation Diagnosis Ultrasound Radiography Treatment7. Renal abcesses Introduction Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment8. Perirenal pseudocysts Introduction Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment9. Idiopathic renal haematuria Introduction Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment10. Acute kidney injury Introduction Phases of AKI Aetiology and pathogenesis Prerenal damage Postrenal damage Intrinsic renal damage Specific causes of AKI Ethylene glycol poisoning Leptospirosis Nephrotoxicity caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics Nephrotoxicity caused by grapes and raisins Nephrotoxicity caused by lilies Nephrotoxicity caused by NSAIDs Hypercalcaemia AKI secondary to heat stroke Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment11. Chronic kidney disease Introduction Pathophysiology of CKD Causes of CKD Clinical presentation Diagnosis and classification of CKD Treatment 12. Kidney and bladder tumours Kidney tumours Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment Bladder tumours Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment

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